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Currently, the popularity of MP3 is very widespread and foremost. MP3 audio compression format now become the most popular, although there is the type of audio compression that is far better (in capacity) and have much better quality.

Beginning Revoulsi Audio digital audio DigitalRevolusi began around 1987, when the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany began to develop a technology that the audio at a later time may create Audio CDs become obsolete as 8 track tape. The technology is still in the development of the given name of MPEG Audio Layer 3 aka MP3, which can change the digital audio files to 1 / 10 the size of the file size of digital origin. The technology developed is a compression technology to digital audio files.

MP3-finder

Bill Gates become a legend and prosperous brothers because the operating system, the MS-DOS and Windows, Linus Torvalds also become known as Linux operating system this week. However, among the experts, there is someone who is a legend because of the discovery fundamentalnya the field of digital audio. He is Dr. Karlheinz Brandenburg inventor of the MP3. Temuannya paper used by almost all people on earth. Dr. Karlheinz Brandenburg to develop the invention of the German Fraunhofer Institute.

P3 is one of the digital audio file format, which was initially available for the PC (Personal Computer), but its development in the MP3 start entering the wider world, not only on the PC but also digital audio player device shows a CD player that can be used, although without a PC.

MP3 is short for MPEG Audio Layer 3, a compression technology for digital audio files so that the file size smaller than the previous digital audio format.

Initially, MP3 is an audio track (Audio Layer) MPEG Video. MPEG is an acronym itself from Moving Picture Expert Group.Sebelum the emergence of MP3, there has been a digital audio file format using compression technology, among others: Dolby AAC, WMA (Windows Media Audio), Real Audio, VQF.

Compression Mp3

Few stories about the MP3 file format that is popular. Talk about not separated from the MP3 file format MPEG (Motion Pictures Expert Group). MPEG (usually be vocalized as em-PEG) we know as the standard format in the storage and distribution of multimedia data terkompresi. We know, the form of data recording audio and video will be the size of very large, and thus will be very commandeer space in the storage media. Such MPEG compression techniques can help reduce the size of multimedia files without the information stored inside. One application of the MPEG format is the most popular VCD (Video Compact Disc). Just know, when we set the movie in VCD, the device made by the VCD player is reading a file that is stored in MPEG format disc in the VCD and display the results on the television screen.

Contrasting with the ZIP compression format that still maintain the original structure of the data (non-lossy), the MPEG compression techniques are lossy, which means that this technique eliminate some of the information that is not considered significant. With certain algorithms, called the DCT (discrete Cosine Transform), a video recording can be compressed with a compression ratio to above 10:1, meaning 10 MB of data, can become only been with 1 MB of quality is only slightly lower than the file format original. With the development of microprocessor technology, which produces the data processing speed is high, the MPEG compression techniques can continue to be refined to produce image quality equal to the original. Compression format that is applied to the DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) and digital television broadcasts, for example, also compressed with the MPEG method, but with a more advanced algorithms were applied in the VCD.

Basically, recording multimedia files that are stored in MPEG format consists of three layers (layer). The first layer is a frame (picture frame), is the next motion (movement), and the third layer, or is the last sound (voice). Now, the MP3 file is actually a special MPEG files only handle the third layer is only. So that he called Therefore, the abbreviation of MPEG Layer 3. MP3 file format first developed by Karlheinz Brandenburg from the University of Fraunhofer, Germany, in around 1996. Therefore MP3 algorithm is also often referred to as the Fraunhofer algorithm.

How the MP3 compression is to remove the sound on the frequency that can not be heard by human ears. This method has significant effectiveness. When a CD Audio (in the format CDDA), with a capacity of around 640 MB only able to save the recording during the 70 minutes, then the MP3 format allows audio files with a data rate of 128 kpbs throughout 1 minute spend only 1 MB of space on the storage media. Calculate how many own songs that can dijejalkan chip in a CD when the average length of a song is about 4-5 minutes.



Because lossy compressed with the method, the actual quality of sound on the MP3 file is not as original recordings in CD format - although still far better than the cassette with the media. Therefore, the MP3 format has never claimed as' sekualitas CD (CD quality), but only 'near-CD quality' (Near CD Quality). However, for most people, the difference is almost not felt. Perhaps for the audiophile (mania audio) can still feel the differences in sound quality.

Legality Mp3

The actual issues covers the MP3 file format that is more non-technical rather than technical. Technically, the MP3 algorithm is developed with the target compression ratio to obtain a higher quality sound with a more clear. However, still needed a sizable long time to accomplish the MP3 file format that we know now. Not to the popularity of the factors that had MP3 format familiar to PC users, so the format, the format of other recently developed, such as VQF or MP4 does not have a speech from the market.

Isyu that it was far from technical problems, namely related to copyright. Is not a secret that the development of this format cause the perpetrators industeri recording mencak-mencak. The results of the work that they form recording the songs can be easily copied and disseminated, either through Internet or through pirated CDs are sold in Indonesia, often in the open. As a result, they must clearly menangguk losses that are not small.

This is worsened with the emergence of MP3 file-sharing service via peer to peer network on the Internet. This service by the original Napster (www.napster.com site in the past). Utilizing this service, users can perform exchange MP3 files with other users who are connected to the Internet network. The service provider provides a software that functions as a kind of 'search engine' to find the MP3 file in accordance with the criteria required. The files are files that are intentionally provided by other users of the same services. So, this service does not provide the same MP3 file, but as to facilitate the exchange of files between users only.

In the end, the demands of the perpetrators of the recording industry forced Napster successfully gone out of business. But like saying the word 'autumn grow one thousand,' then it kind of service work 'vessel mushrooms in the rainy season. Feeling difficult to oppose this kind of service, the recording industry began to switch moment. Instead run service provider, they began to take a user. Some users are caught using hand this service, now must deal with the Copyright Law of the United States is famous for hard fine with the threat that number does not play. The issue then scroll to debate a matter of law that is not associated with the technical issues

From Audio CDs to MP3

Got up music CD collection? From the difficult set them up and coverflow in the ordinary CD player, what if the songs recorded on music CDs converted into the MP3 file on the computer and enjoy it?

Rip encodes

If your computer has the drive to the CD-ROM, multimedia support, and running Linux, the conversion of the CD-Audio files into MP3 files have a certain size are not easy. A number of utility that is available to complete it will be discussed here. As various programs for Linux, all free of charge and free, so you do not need to grope pocket. Furthermore, utility-utility is involved dipaketkan with a CD-ROM InfoLinux so need not be bothered downloading at once to save time and costs.

The supporting software needed two, each of which is to copy the audio track to WAV files and WAV files to convert this into MP3. The term, the first step is often referred to as ripping and encoding is the second step. Program to ripping and encoding, respectively known as a ripper and Encoder.

How a ripper work? Basically, relatively simple to read data from the raw audio tracks from the desired CD and then mengkomposisikannya in an audio format that can be played by the player is normal (such as XMMS or FreeAmp). Normally a format that is generated WAV, a de facto standard for audio files. Thus - you can also later proved itself - the existence of the sound card is not needed when ripper run. Walhasil WAV files that are generated from the process of ripping will be exactly the same as the audio track on the CD, only the format is different. This also means that there is no loss-loss (loss), which occur so that the quality WAV files and sebersih this as the original track. On the other hand, because the WAV format is a format that does not terkompresi, size will be extraordinary large. One minute the music will be consistent with approximately 12 MB of data in the audio WAV files. Consequently, to an average song, needed a place to around 50 MB.

Given how borosnya hard disk space if the songs must be saved in the WAV format, of course, will be better to use MP3 format. Compared to WAV, MP3 will only take place approximately 1 MB of music safe for one minute. Just information, MP3 files using standard MPEG Layer 3 compression to make the signal by removing the audio components that do not heard by human ears. Discuss in detail how its own compression techniques are outside the scope of this paper.

Encoder a duty to arrest information from the audio input files (such as WAV files results from ripping) to have a certain size MP3 music files. There are some parameters that can be set for the process include the canal and encoding bitrate. Mannion determine whether the results will be MP3-mono, stereo, and joint-stereo. Perhaps there are readers who are still with the understanding of foreign joint-stereo. Basically, the joint-stereo is a trick to mengkodekan a low frequency signal is mono while the rest remain in stereo.

SUBWOOFER forge a working principle, this causes the reduction of the size of the signal terkompresi while still maintaining quality. Bitrate determine the number of bits that will be used for the mengkodekan audio signals per second, often expressed in kilobits per second (kbps). Encoding on the bitrate of 128 kbps means that approximately 128 thousand bits per second used, or approximately 16 KB. Bitrate of the higher quality produce that is increasingly approaching the original. As a grip, the 192 kbps bitrate, an audio signal almost can not be distinguished by the quality of the CD.