Harley-Davidson Motorcycles Company is a leading public company in the world to move in the automotive industry with spesialisai motorcycle. Located in the arid areas of the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, state, the United States.
HISTORY Harley Davidson started from the actual intention of William Harley and Arthur Davidson continue to support the idea, Sylvester Howard Roper begin until Gottlieb Daimler. ''The aim is very simple: that can devour rise in the Milwaukee area, Wisconsin,''said William and Arthur.
Compare this with the desire Roper and Daimler. Roper developed the first time on a motorcycle in 1868. Motor is using the steam engine. Although the creation of Roper not welcome the broad, a number of the idea, such as the gas pedal in hand, many adopted the motor of the future. In addition to vigorous steam engine, Roper also create a two-cylinder engine equipped with charcoal.
Meanwhile, Gottlieb Daimler is considered as the first person who really created the motorcycle in 1885. However, recently, Daimler more intense on four-wheeled vehicles. He was known as Karl Benz with persekutuannya form Daimler-Benz Corporation, a car manufacturer Mercedes-Benz.
When Harley Davidson and start a business, a number of other important breakthroughs are being held. Henry Ford is experimenting to create the first car. Wright family also are preoccupied with the concept of the aircraft. As we know, Ford and Wright eventually successful. Ford Model T car with her, and Wright stub with the initial development of aircraft.
On the other hand, Harley Davidson and successfully created an important icon in the history of two-wheeled vehicles. Innovation is the most important engine berkonfigurasi V, who later also known as the Knucklehead, Panhead, Shovelhead, Evolution, until the Twin Cam. This machine recently become a reference for other companies, especially from Japan, in making large motorcycle.
Start with 60 cc engines
Harley Davidson and start this long journey in 1903, the age when they are still in the early 20s. Results of utak-atik two young children is one cylinder engine with a capacity of 60 cc. The road and can successfully climb through the easy. Later, because of this success, two brothers Arthur, Walter and William Davidson, joined participate.
Two years later, they agreed to institutionalize their business is in the Harley-Davidson Motorcycles Co.. When standing, the company that produces three units of new motorcycles. The third motor is generated from the''factory''in the home owned by the Davidson family. Called the factory is a small cottage behind the house the family Davidson.
In 1906, the company is moving to Juneau Avenue, occupy the room more spacious. Because more freely, that old Harley-Davidson can produce 150 units a motorcycle. Most of the motor they purchased the local police. The reason, Harley-Davidson motorcycles can be a speed high enough, and frisky.
Six years after standing, Harley-Davidson introduced the two-cylinder engine configuration with a V angle 45 degrees. The engine capacity is 49.5 cubic inches (about 790 cc) and can generate about seven-horse power. With the machine, the speed of 60 miles per hour can be achieved. When the Harley-Davidson I think the engine model is one of the lines so characteristic their products.
The same year, Harley-Davidson successfully cut the number of production units of 1000, exactly 1,149 units. Competition from other factories began to feel, two years later. It successfully Harley-Davidson factory became an inspiration for others to start a business. In 1911, most do not appear around 150 brand motorcycle. They will certainly be a competitor Harley-Davidson, though not heavy-weight correct.
Goodbye, Harley-Davidson is not difficult to increase production. In 1913, when the factory is expanded, Harley-Davidson production reached almost 13,000 units. The amount of the increase again during the period 1916 to 1918, to around 20,000 units. This is mainly because the United States Government to order the two-wheeled vehicles for the needs of World War I.
The Great them Abuse
MEMASUKI 1920s, Harley-Davidson motorcycle factory into the largest in the world, with total production of 28,189 units. To market its products, the Harley-Davidson has agents in 67 countries. In this decade, Harley-Davidson introduced a number of innovations. V engine capacity is developed into 74 cubic inches (about 1,184 cc). Gas tank design eye drops of water introduced in 1925. In 1928, Harley-Davidson motorcycles equipped starting front brake.
All achievement is enough capital to become Harley-Davidson in the face of The Great Abuse, economic recession in 1933. Although the number of production decreased to 3,700 units, Harley-Davidson is able to survive. Another motorcycle manufacturer that is also survived Indian. These companies then became the only competitor Harley-Davidson until the 1950s.
When depression is completed, Harley-Davidson direct tancap gas. They introduced the EL model with a 976 cc engine capacity. This model of the machine as popular as Knucklehead. With Knucklehead, Harley-Davidson rose slowly. At 1936, the number of Harley-Davidson production reached 9,812 units.
World War II to bring blessings, I also become a new landmark for the history of Harley-Davidson. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the entire production capacity of Harley-Davidson motorcycle allocated to the interests of Allied troops. The needs of consumers civil abandoned it.
During 1941-1945, approximately 90,000 units of Harley-Davidson created a series of WML. For that achievement, Harley-Davidson medalist''E''from the United States Navy.
After the war, Harley-Davidson to open the spigot back production sipilnya. Hey, many veterans of the war attracted the performance of the motor, and want to restore the romantics in Harley-Davidson. Thousands of units of Harley-Davidson, both production after the war and the old model, shifting to the home of the veteran, embryo fanatical fans Harley-Davidson.
Compete with Indian
IN 1948 Harley-Davidson production to be 31,163 units. That year, Harley-Davidson re-introduce new innovations, the engine 74 cubic inches equipped with hydraulic lifters Valve and aluminum cylinder head. The machine is called Panhead because silindernya headgear resembles a frying pan upside.
Entering the 1950s, second generation starts to become a founder of the family motor company. When to celebrate the anniversary, 50, Harley-Davidson lived alone in the United States motorcycle market. Traditional competitors, the Indian, have gone out of business.
In 1957, Harley-Davidson Sportster The introduce, which is called a "Father of the Superbikes, biangnya large motorcycle. A year later, Harley-Davidson introduced the Duo Glide, which use hydraulic rear suspension to complement the front suspension fork to use the model.
Next, in 1963, Harley-Davidson to adopt the use of fiberglass in the motor-motornya. For the purposes of this, they buy 60% shares Tomahawk Boat Manufacturing Co., manufacturer of fiberglass in Wisconsin.
Year 1950-1960 also marked with the presence of a community bikers, who introduced the culture of motorcycle rider. They readily identified because the skin jacket, full of tattoos, and the long-haired. The image of Wild Ones is introduced by Marlon Brando film titled the same.
Community official Harley-Davidson established its own new in 1983, with the name Harley Owner Group (HOG). This is a community owner Harley-Davidson's largest, which is supported directly by the manufacturer. Currently, the number of members of HOG approaching one million people in the world.
Due to mergers dark period
IN 1965, Harley-Davidson incoming exchange. Four years later, the American Machine and Foundry (AMF) conducting mergers with Harley-Davidson. However, the merger is considered a dark period in the history of the Harley-Davidson. Parties, in 1970 and 1980, motorcycles made in Japan that the price is very cheap to enter the market.
When Honda, Kawasaki, Suzuki and the United States entered the market, market of Harley-Davidson down drastically. From the original 80% in 1969, to 20% ten years later. The decline in market share is stifling make a number of executive Harley-Davidson. They also seek to save company.
To restore the Harley-Davidson to khitahnya, they submit the proposal to Citicorp. With the support fund of U.S. $ 80 million from Citicorp, they buy back the shares governable AMF (Citicorp to sell shares, Heller Financial Corporation in 1986). Concept and philosophy of production and sales Harley-Davidson also improved.
Originally, Harley-Davidson motorcycle is a product that is affordable and easy to use and modify. That changed with the Harley-Davidson makes the product expensive and difficult onderdilnya sought. To change a light background, for example, the owner of Harley-Davidson motorcycles can not just buy batoknya. But must buy the whole sepatbornya.
In addition to Marlon Brando, a number of celebrities made Harley-Davidson motorcycle parts from their appearance. Both the width of the screen, display glass, and in daily life. In 1956, Elvis Presley, the King of Rock 'n' Roll, and a Harley-Davidson motorcycle into the Enthusiast magazine.
Mid-1990, Arnold Schwarzeneger appear with the Harley-Davidson in the Terminator movies. Action Lorenzo Lamas and the Harley-Davidson Softail bertangki gasoline with yellow flame red in the movie serial Renegade also become a favorite spectacle at the end of 1990.
Recently, actor Keanu Reeves distribute 12 units of Harley-Davidson, the total price of U.S. $ 200,000, to all the nation instead of film matrix reloaded. According to Reeves, this is the receipt of the Stuntman to love it.
Reputation Hell's Angels and Modifications Arlen Ness
OTHER THAN celebrities, there is another group of bikers who triggered the popularity of Harley-Davidson motorcycle, the Hell's Angels Motorcycle Club. Hell's Angels club first established in Berdoo, California. There is literature that mentioned that the embryo is a group of club Pissed Off Bastards in Fontana, California.
Hell's Angels across to the famous Zagat (there are 100 chapter at the world and third in the United States). However, at the same time very mysterious. New Ralph''Sonny''Barger, through the book, entitled Hell's Angel, who can recount their long lunge. Sonny members own the club.
Hell's Angels''is a set of men willing to die friends any peril,''said Sonny. Although impressed exclusive, the Hell's Angels clearly significant. ''They are a pioneer modifications Harley-Davidson motor into grim,''said Sonny.
The name Hell's Angels became more popular after the incident at the Rolling Stones concert, November 1969. In concert at the Altamont Raceway, the Stones ask the Hell's Angels became the satpam. Concert colored incident when someone is having peak up to the stage while gun point. A member of Hell's Angels tertembak. Berpistol the dead men being members of the other Hell's Angels.
Besides Hell's Angels, the name of Arlen Ness also can not be separated from the travel Harley-Davidson. Ness is a craftsman accessory special Harley-Davidson. Ness used as a reference for fans in the Harley-Davidson to customize motornya.
Ness started the business in his home garage in 1967. Ness capital at that time a unit of Harley-Davidson bought with money won the tournament bowling results. Motor was not long survive with the original design. With capital paints, paint Ness reset the motor. Works and then brought to a successful tournament and awarded first.
Great more from Intel and General Electric
After that, many pengecatan order flow. All orders done Ness began the afternoon until late night. The Ness is still so office workers. Finally, the work is released Ness. In 1973, Larry Kauferman, Custom Bike magazine editor, to see the creation Ness. According to him, Ness have the uniqueness that is not owned pemodifikasi other.
Ness and entranced not only in the affairs of paint, paint. He penetrated to the creation of accessories and engine modifications and sasis. In the spare part to create a custom,''Ness holds the grip always innovate, never imitate''. From the Custom Bike magazine, Ness faces appear in magazines such as Hot Bike, Easy Rider, American Iron, and more.
During the nearly 1000 years, Harley-Davidson engine cooling system to maintain their traditional, namely the air. New in October 2001, Harley-Davidson introduced the V-Rod, which uses water as cooling the engine. V-Rod is the result of collaboration with the Harley-Davidson Porsche.
Launching the V-Rod is related to the business Harley-Davidson seize young market that the United States attracted heavy Italian-made Ducati motorcycles, which are considered to have a design section. In addition, Harley-Davidson also seeks seize young European markets, which prefer motor-made BMW.
Answer Harley-Davidson motorcycle that is a whole body diluluri krom and aluminum. Motor worth U.S. $ 17,000 it has 110 staff horse. Because the cooling water, the engine can be forced to lap high. This makes the V-Rod can be up to 225 kilometers per hour. V-Rod proved able to stand in line thinking. Eddie Irvine, Formula 1, is one. Just a few days after the launch of the V-Rod, Irvine has Wara-wiri in the car park a motor circuit with this.
Last year, Forbes magazine oust Harley-Davidson Motorcycle Co. as the''Company of the Year''. According to Forbes, the year that many companies are dismal steady cook, but Harley-Davidson to record sales growth of 15% to U.S. $ 3.3 billion. Revenue also increased to 26% to U.S. $ 435 million.
Shares of the company managing 8,000 employees in the bourses increased by 41% in 2001, when the indicator stock S & P recorded a decrease of 15%. In fact, since the incoming stock in 1986, the annual income of Harley-Davidson rose 37%. And since Harley-Davidson incoming stock, the shares have increased 15,000%. Compare with Intel, for example, the''only''recorded an increase of 7,200%. Or General Electric of 1,056%.
